Evaluation Of Screening For Breast Cancer - 1371 Words

GGrones_Module 6_Initial Post 1. Choose one of the screenings listed in the USPSTF Guide to Clinical Preventative Services. Evaluate the screening using the following criteria: reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity, and cost-benefit ratio. Discuss any ethical issues associated with this screening. In 2002, the U. S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF, 2002, 2014) issued its’ recommendation statement regarding breast cancer screening for the general population. It looked at the efficacy of five screening methods in reducing breast cancer mortality: film mammography; clinical breast examination (CBE); breast self-examination (BSE); digital mammography; and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two studies were commissioned: a†¦show more content†¦The USPTF also concluded there was insufficient evidence to assess benefits verses harms for digital mammography, MRI, BSE, and CBE in populations not at risk (USPSTF, 2002). Highlights from the 2016 National Comprehensive Cancer Network Conference (NCCN) indicated there was agreement on the efficacy of film mammography screening (Bevers, Bibbins-Domengo, Oeffinger, 2016). However, The American Cancer Society (ACS) and the NCCN disagreed on two items: when to begin screening (40, 45, or 50 years of age) and frequency of screening, annual versus biennial (Bevers, Bibbins-Domengo, Oeffinger, 2016). The NCCN recommends annual screening to begin at 40 years of age after counseling for risks and benefits. Regarding reliability and validity, the USPSTF formulated its’ current recommendations based on eight randomized controlled trails and over 200 observational trials. The NCCN argues that the studies used by the USPTF were done in the 1970s and 1980s using single view scans and older techniques. The NCCN further argued that when studying real world observations using current state-of-the art mammography equipment, and adjusting for confounders, the mo rtality reduction is closer the 35% in certain populations, as opposed to, the 18% mortality rate cited by the USPSTF (Bevers, Bibbins-Domengo, Oeffinger, 2016). With regards to benefits, the NCCN argued that women screened are less likely to be diagnosed with advance stage breast cancer, and

What Justice Means to Me - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 753 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Politics Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Bible Essay Corruption Essay Did you like this example? What Justice Means to Me Justice can mean something different to many people, but justice to me is doing my part to make sure that everyone is treated equally. In addition, justice is making sure that the right punishment is brought forth to the correct crime, and with any luck when a major crime is committed, then that the offender does not acquire liberty on a technicality. In today’s society people are afraid of the criminal justice system. Depending on the situation and how the news broadcast the crime and punishment, people wonder does the system work. According to the Merriam Webster to have justice everyone should be treated equal and fair. Justice is not racist . Race, gender, income bracket, and religion should not matter. Everyone under the law has the same rights; as a result that everyone abides by the laws that are set. People working in a criminal justice field are the most important people; they need to keep in mind to follow all the rules and regu lations of justice. The law is their Bible per say. Preserving justice is very important and will help others to see that justice if followed to the letter and will continue to be a huge part of society. In America the legal system is a major partner of justice. The courtroom, the lawyers, judges, bailiffs, anyone working in the court building are all part of the justice system. Although the judges are the highest ranking officer of the courts, they alone do not decide on the decision on their own, they incorporate the jurors. The federal level also is part of the justice system. The Federal Bureau of Investigations or the (FBI) also provides justice to the commercial market against corruption. They also help the regular people against terrorism. When I work for the criminal justice system, I will make sure to hold people accountable. Keeping everyone truthful and biased free, making sure no one person’s rights are violated when he (she) are arrested, and keeping in min d that everyone is innocent until proven otherwise. Without justice innocent people would probably be locked up and key thrown away. That is why justice and due process is very important. In conjunction justice and due process will help those without means (poor people) to get help keeping them from self incrimination. All people poor, rich, black or white have the right to have a jury try their case. The right to life, liberty, and the right to pursue happiness is also a big part of justice. Not one person has the right to take away a person life, liberty, and to take anyone’s happiness away for any reason. Although, when a crime is committed the justice system has options to send the offender to jail or to have a jury view the case. Here justice comes in and due process takes over. It is very important that every person who goes into the criminal justice field get acquainted with the justice term and the laws that protect every person. They should also take an ethics class, to make sure that they do not discriminate against anyone. In addition, professionals need to continue to preserve Justice for all people, equality for all under the law does not matter whether he (she) are rich, poor, black or white, does not matter what religion he (she) practice. Justice is an in general equal rights process to both the criminal and the non-criminal. The laws are there to protect both parties, and to allow the due process to work. The unfortunate part is that because the laws are put into place, sometimes the wording in the laws helps the criminals get away from serving any type of justice that should have been brought against them. In conclusion justice is the quality of work a professional does when working in the field being just and fair. Justice is the judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishment one will get. In the court system the judge is a public official authorized to decide questions brought b efore a court of justice (net bible, 1913). In addition, in the Department of Justice(the free dictionary,1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003), the Unites States Federal department is responsible for enforcing federal laws including the responsibility for enforcing the civil rights legislation that was created in 1870. References Net Bible. (1913). word study. Retrieved from https://net. bible. org/lexicon. php? word=justice The free dictionary. (1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003). Justice. Retrieved from https://dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/justice Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Justice Means to Me" essay for you Create order

World War I And The War II - 1518 Words

World War II was a war that ended in much tragedy. There were over 60 million casualties. Throughout World War II there was how it started, the Nazi Regime, and some of the major battles. Much of the war was about the Germans bringing together a group of people called the Nazis. They were under the rule of Adolf Hitler. There were two groups fighting against each other: the Axis powers and the Allied powers. The Axis powers consisted of Japan, Italy, and Germany. The Allied powers were Great Britain, France, and later on in the war, the United States. After World War I, the Allied forced Germany to sign a peace treaty called the Treaty of Versailles. According to the treaty, Germany had to give up parts of its territory, reduce its†¦show more content†¦91 Jews were killed and 20,000 were sent to concentration camps (Woolf 36). During the war there was two wars fought at the same time; the European Theatre and the Pacific Theatre. Both parts were broken down into four parts: the effect on Europe, early dominance period, turnaround period, and the ending of the war (Jorge 1). After World War I all Munn 2 of the European countries tried to become democratic countries, but failed to Communism. Most of their governments were unstable, weak, and unresponsive. They also tried to start Capitalism, but their economies were experiencing depression and extremely high inflation. The U.S did nothing to help these struggling countries because they agreed to a policy of Isolationism (Jorge 1). In March 1939, the whole country of Czechoslovakia was under German control. Next, Hitler wanted to take Poland. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. A few days later Britain and France declared war on Germany. This marked the beginning of World War II (Woolf 25). In June 1940, Mussolini had declared war on the Allies. He already had more than a million men in the Italian army based in Libya (Jorge 1). In neighboring Egypt, the British Army had only 36,000 men guarding the Suez Canal and the Arabian oil fields. The Italian forces became a potential threat to Allied supply routes in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. The North African Campaign, or Desert War, took place in the North African desert during

Considered Court Piercing Corporate Veil †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Considered Court Piercing Corporate Veil? Answer: Introducation Corporate liability under criminal law define the extent up to which organization as legal entity can be held liable for the acts committed by natural person employed by the company. It must be noted that identification doctrine can be considered as main rule for the purpose of determining the liability of organization under both civil and criminal law for the wrong acts committed by the agent of the corporation and servants of the company. This theory states that mind of the natural person who control and manage the affairs of the corporation can be considered as the mind of the company itself. Therefore, this doctrine is also known as the doctrine of directing mind and will. This theory is developed in case law Lennards Carrying Co. Ltd v Asiatic Petroleum Co Ltd. This case was determined by the House of Lords and they determine the question whether owner of the ship can be held liable for the loss of cargo because of the wrong navigation of one of its ship. In this case, Viscount Haldane held that liability related to the actual fault would not lie on the servant and agent only but it also lie on the company because action of the servant and agent of the company can be considered as the action of the company itself. Therefore, in this case Court applied the directing mind and will theory (Lim, 2011). After sometime in case law Daimler Company Ltd v Continental Tyre and Rubber Company (Great Britain Ltd), it was confirmed by Lord Atkinson that residence place of the was the place from which the directing mind and will of the company will be controlled by its officers and agents. However, it is important to note that approach of Lennards case is not applied in this case and approached used by Judge in this case is not the identification theory but just the agency law. There is one more case law which clarify the concept of directing mind and will that is El Ajou v. Dollar Land Holdings plc. In this case, Court of Appeal applied the theory of directing mind and will in more flexible way. Court further stated that it is necessary to identify the natural person who manage and control the affairs of the company because these persons are those who actually directs the company. In case Salomon V Salomon, Court identified the fundamental principle of separate legal entity. As per this principle company is considered as separate legal entity in the eyes of law which has its own rights and obligations. In other words, identity of members are not mixed with the identity of the company, which means company is considered as separate legal person. This principle of separate legal entity has been adopted from various years, and it states that company has its own rights and not it not just the puppet of its holders. Shareholders of the company are not liable for any debts incurred by the company and they can be held liable only to the extent of their capital investment. Similarly, shareholders does not have any right and interest on the property of the company. On similar time, Court consider the concept of piercing of corporate veil of a company for the purpose of rejecting the protection of shareholders related to limited liability. Piercing of corporate veil is considered as exception of separate legal entity and under this concept Court reject the separate personality of the company and held the shareholders liable for the companys debt. Veil can be pierced by the company either at the request of the company itself or shareholders of the company for the purpose of providing the remedy that would not be provided otherwise. This remedy provides an enforceable right or reduce the penalty. In Salomon case, Australian Court state the exception of this case and pierce the corporate veil for determining the actual position of the company. It must be noted that piercing of corporate veil is done in very rare and exceptional situations, and law does not define any particular situations under which veil can be pierced. In other words, no specific situations and matters are considered by the Court for piercing the corporate veil. Generally, Court pierce the corporate veil when there is any fraud and dishonest intention of the members of the company, and when directors and other officers use the identity of the company for their own benefit. References: Lim, Ernest, (2011). A Critique of Corporate Attribution: 'Directing Mind and Will' and Corporate Objectives. Journal of Business Law 333. Goode, M. Corporate criminal liability. Viewed at: https://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/proceedings/26/goode.pdf. Accessed on 19th September 2017. El Ajou v. Dollar Land Holdings Plc, (1993) EWCA Civ 4. Salomon v Salomon Co [1897] AC 22 (Salomon). Ramsay, I. Noakes, D. (2001). Piercing the Corporate Veil in Australia. Viewed at: https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/1710089/122-Piercing_the_Corporate_Veil1.pdf. Accessed on 19th September 2017.